In the rectangular survey system, what is the purpose of a principal meridian?

In the rectangular survey system, the principal meridian serves as a crucial reference point for establishing north-south lines on a map. These lines are essential for dividing land into townships and sections, which allows for accurate property description and identification. The principal meridian runs from north to south and is fundamental in creating a coordinate system that helps surveyors and land planners locate and delineate parcels of land.

The other options do not accurately describe the role of the principal meridian. For example, while east-west lines are also important in surveying, they are referenced from the baseline, not the principal meridian. Elevation benchmarks are separate from the coordinate system used in surveying. Lastly, property boundaries are delineated using survey lines but are not the direct function of the principal meridian itself. Its main purpose lies in the provision of a systematic approach to layout and measurement in land surveying.